The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China on Wednesday released a report on human rights violations in the United States in 2023.

（图源：新华社）

以下为部分中英双语内容：

2023年美国侵犯人权报告

The Report on Human Rights Violations in the United States in 2023

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

2024年5月

May 2024

目录

Contents

序言

Foreword

一、公民和政治权利沦为空谈

I. Civil and Political Rights Become Empty Talk

二、种族主义顽疾贻害深远

II. The Chronic Disease of Racism

三、经济和社会不平等日益加剧

III. Growing Economic and Social Inequality

四、妇女和儿童权利遭受持续侵犯

IV. Persistent Violations of the Rights of Women and Children

五、无证移民悲惨境遇触目惊心

V. Heart-wrenching Struggles of Undocumented Migrants

六、美式霸权制造人道主义危机

VI. American Hegemony Creates Humanitarian Crises

结语

Conclusion

序言

Foreword

2023年美国的人权状况继续恶化。在美国，人权朝着日益两极分化的方向发展。与占据政治、经济和社会支配地位的少数人相比，大多数普通民众越来越被边缘化，基本权利和自由被虚置。76%的美国人认为自己的国家正处于错误的发展方向上。

The human rights situation in the United States continued to deteriorate in 2023. In the United States, human rights are becoming increasingly polarized. While a ruling minority holds political, economic, and social dominance, the majority of ordinary people are increasingly marginalized, with their basic rights and freedoms being disregarded. A staggering 76 percent of Americans believe that their nation is in the wrong direction.

美国政党恶斗、政府失能、治理失效，公民权利和政治权利无法得到有效保障。两党难以达成控枪共识，大规模枪击事件持续高发，约4.3万人死于枪支暴力，平均每天死亡117人。警察执法滥用暴力，2023年至少1247人死于警察暴力，创2013年以来新高，执法问责制度却形同虚设。美国人口不到全球的5%，囚犯数量却占全球的25%，是名副其实的“监狱国家”。政党恶斗持续加剧，利用选区划分操弄选举，众议院两度上演“议长难产”闹剧，政府公信力继续下跌，美国民众对联邦政府的信任度仅为16%。

Political infighting, government dysfunction, and governance failure in the United States have failed to protect civil and political rights. Bipartisan consensus on gun control remains elusive, contributing to a continued surge in mass shootings. Approximately 43,000 people were killed by gun violence in 2023, averaging 117 deaths per day. Police brutality persists and at least 1247 deaths were attributed to police violence, marking a new high since 2013, yet the law enforcement accountability system remains virtually nonexistent. Taking up less than 5 percent of the global population, the United States accounts for 25 percent of global prison population, earning the title of a “carceral state.” Political infighting intensifies as parties manipulate elections through gerrymandering, leading to “Speaker crisis “for twice in the House of Representatives, further diminishing the government’s credibility, with only 16 percent of Americans trusting the federal government.

美国种族主义根深蒂固，种族歧视情势严重。联合国专家指出，针对非洲裔的系统性种族主义已经渗透到美国警察部队和刑事司法系统。由于医疗服务领域存在严重的种族歧视，非洲裔孕产妇死亡率几乎是白人女性的3倍。近六成亚裔表示面临种族歧视，针对华裔科学家的“中国行动计划”贻害深远。种族主义意识形态在美国社交媒体、音乐、游戏等多平台恶性传播并跨国溢出，成为极端种族主义的主要输出国。

Deep-rooted racism persists in the United States, with cases of severe racial discrimination. United Nations experts point out that systemic racism against African Americans has permeated the U.S. police force and criminal justice system. Due to significant racial discrimination in the healthcare sector, the maternal mortality rate for African American women is nearly three times that of white women. Nearly 60 percent of Asians report facing racial discrimination, with the “China Initiative” targeting Chinese scientists having far-reaching consequences. Racist ideologies proliferate across multiple sectors such as social media, music, and gaming, and spill over across borders, making the United States a major exporter of extreme racism internationally.

美国贫富分化加剧，“工作者贫困”现象凸显，经济社会权利保障制度空转。长期以来的劳资分配差异悬殊，导致贫富差距达到1929年经济大危机以来最严重的程度。美国有1150万个低收入工薪家庭，联邦最低时薪标准自2009年以来一直没有上调，2023年1美元购买力已降至2009年的70%。低收入家庭难以支付食品、房租和能源等基本生活所需，无家可归者超过65万人，创16年来新高。“工作者贫困”使辛勤劳作者的“美国梦”破碎，导致2023年发生了21世纪以来波及范围最广的罢工潮。

The United States is witnessing intensified wealth inequality, with the phenomenon of “Working poor” becoming more pronounced, and the economic and social rights protection system is seen as ineffective. Long-standing disparities in the distribution of income between labor and capital have resulted in the most severe wealth gap since the Great Depression of 1929. There are 11.5 million low-income working families in the United States, but the federal minimum wage has not been raised since 2009. As of 2023, the purchasing power of one U.S. dollar has declined to 70 percent of its value in 2009. Low-income families struggle to afford basic necessities such as food, rent, and energy, leading to over 650,000 people experiencing homelessness, reaching a new high in 16 years. “Working poor” has shattered the “American Dream” for hardworking individuals, contributing to the broadest wave of strikes since the beginning of the 21st century, occurring in 2023.

美国妇女儿童权利长期遭受系统性侵犯，保障性别平等的宪法规定付之阙如，至今未批准联合国《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，而且是联合国会员国中唯一没有批准《儿童权利公约》的国家。美国参议院2023年4月否决了保障性别平等的宪法修正提案。美国每年约有5.4万名妇女因遭受怀孕歧视而失业。超过220万育龄妇女无法获得产科护理。至少有21个州命令禁止或严格限制堕胎。孕产妇死亡人数近20年来增加了一倍多。职场、校园、家庭等多领域的性暴力层出不穷。儿童的生存权与发展权堪忧。大量儿童被排除出医疗补助计划。枪支暴力成为儿童死亡的主要原因。毒品滥用在青少年群体中蔓延。46个州被发现瞒报约3.48万例寄养儿童失踪案件。

Women and children’s rights in the United States have long been systematically violated, with constitutional provisions for gender equality remaining absent. The United States remains the only UN member state that has not ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In April 2023, the U.S. Senate rejected a constitutional amendment to guarantee gender equality. In the United States, approximately 54,000 women lose their jobs annually due to pregnancy discrimination. Over 2.2 million women of childbearing age cannot access maternity care. At least 21 states have enacted bans or strict restrictions on abortion. Maternal mortality has more than doubled in the past two decades. Sexual violence is rampant in workplaces, schools, and homes. Children’s rights to survival and development are in jeopardy, with many children excluded from healthcare assistance programs. Gun violence remains a leading cause of child deaths, and drug abuse is rampant among youth. Forty-six states have been found to underreport around 34,800 cases of missing foster children.

美国是一个在历史和现实中均受益于移民的国家，却存在严重的排斥和歧视移民问题。从1882年臭名昭著的“排华法案”到2017年广受国际社会谴责的“禁穆令”，排斥与歧视移民的做法已深嵌于美国制度结构中。如今，移民问题成为党争逐利与政治“甩锅”的工具，政客们对移民的个人权利和福祉弃之不顾，移民政策被简单复制为“你赞成我就反对”的党派决裂立场，最终沦为利用选民的政治作秀。移民乱局陷入无解的恶性循环，移民及儿童遭受大规模逮捕、人口贩运与剥削等残酷对待。政治极化及美式人权的虚伪本质在移民问题上表现得淋漓尽致。

The United States, a country that has historically and presently benefited from immigration, faces severe issues of exclusion and discrimination against immigrants. Practices of exclusion and discrimination against immigrants have been deeply ingrained in the U.S. institutional structure, from the infamous Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the internationally condemned “Muslim Ban” in 2017. Today, the immigration issue has become a tool for partisan gain and political blame-shifting, with politicians disregarding the individual rights and welfare of immigrants. Immigration policies are simplified into partisan positions of “If you support, I oppose,” ultimately becoming political theatrics to manipulate voters. The immigration crisis falls into a vicious cycle, with immigrants and children subjected to widespread arrests, human trafficking, and exploitation. The hypocrisy of political polarization and the hypocritical nature of American human rights are glaringly evident in the immigration issue.

美国长期奉行霸权主义，推行强权政治，滥用武力和单边制裁。持续向他国输送集束弹药等武器，加剧区域紧张局势和地区武装冲突，造成大量平民伤亡和严重人道主义危机。大肆实施“外国代理人”行动，破坏他国社会稳定，侵犯他国人权。至今不肯关闭关塔那摩监狱。

The United States has long pursued hegemonism, practiced power politics, and abused force and unilateral sanctions. Continuous delivery of weapons such as cluster munitions to other countries exacerbates regional tensions and armed conflicts, resulting in a large number of civilian casualties and severe humanitarian crises. Extensive “proxy forces” operations undermine social stability and violate the human rights of other nations. Guantanamo Bay prison remains open to this day.

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